Francis Newton Souza was an Indian artist who is considered one of the pioneers of modern Indian art. He was born in Saligao, Goa, and studied art at the Sir JJ School of Art in Mumbai. Souza was part of the Progressive Artists' Group, a collective of artists who sought to break away from traditional academic styles of art in India and experiment with modernism. Souza's works are characterized by bold colours, distorted figures, and a mix of abstraction and figuration. His paintings often address themes such as sexuality, religion, and social inequality. He is also known for his sculptures, drawings, and writings. Souza spent much of his life in England and other parts of Europe, but his works have been exhibited and collected around the world, including at the Tate Modern in London and the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi.